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RECRUITING Not applicable ClinicalTrials.gov

Effects of Alternate Nostril Breathing Versus Diaphragmatic Breathing on Oxygen Saturation and Heart-rate Variability in Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients

Sponsor: Foundation University Islamabad • ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT07867457

Registry updated: 2026-10-09
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Description

This study is a two-arm randomized parallel group trial designed to compare the effects of alternate nostril breathing vs diaphragmatic breathing on oxygen saturation and Heart-rate variability in hemodynamically stable post-PCI patients. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to alternate nostril breathing or diaphragmatic breathing and will receive the allocated intervention for 2 consecutive days with three supervised sessions per day in addition to routine post-PCI care. Oxygen saturation will be assessed using a pulse oximeter and heart-rate variability will be assessed using a Polar H10 sensor at baseline and after the intervention. The study will determine whether there is a difference between two breathing interventions in the prescribed outcome measures.

Interventions

  • Alternate Nostril Breathing (Behavioral)
    Non-pharmacological breathing interventions administered under physiotherapist supervision for 2 consecutive days with three sessions per day in addition to routine post-PCI care.
  • Diaphragmatic breathing (Other)
    Participants assigned to this group will perform diaphragmatic breathing under physiotherapist supervision in addition to routine post-PCI care. The participant will lie supine or sit upright with the back supported, with one hand on the upper chest and the other on the abdomen below the rib cage. The participant will inhale slowly through the nose while allowing the abdomen to rise and then exhale slowly through pursed lips while allowing the abdomen to fall. Post-PCI Day 0 : 3 sessions/day approximately 15mins/session,10 repetitions. Post-PCI Day 1 :3 supervised sessions/day approximately 20 minutes/session, 15 repetitions.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 44-75 years * Hemodynamically stable post-PCI patients with systolic blood pressure\>90 mmHg, diastolic BP 50-100mmHg Heart-rate 60-100 beats/min and no ongoing chest pain or signs of acute clinical instability. * Oxygen saturation \>92% on room air * Able to follow simple verbal instructions and perform the breathing exercises. * Ejection Fraction \>35% Exclusion Criteria: * Ongoing myocardial ischemia, unstable angina, significant arrythmia or requirement for inotropic/vasopressor support. * Cardiogenic shock or severe heart failure (NYHA class IV) * Recent thoracic surgery or chest wall injury limiting rib expansion or deep breathing. * Cardiac implantable electronic device (pacemaker/ICD) with pacing dependency or an implanted ventricular assist device. * Severe cognitive impairment * Uncontrolled hypertension(SBP\>180 mmHg or DBP\>110 mmHg) or bradycardia\<50 beats/min. * Severe anemia (Hb\<8g/dL)

Conditions

Oxygen Saturation Heart Rate

Locations

  • Foundation University Islamabad — Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Official Source

Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

View Official Record