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Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma With Capecitabine Versus TAS-102 (Neo-REACT): A Multi-center, Randomized, Phase III Trial

Sponsor: Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute • ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06850090

Registry updated: 2026-10-15

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Description

Neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, pathologic complete response (pCR) rates are low. Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) is a new oral anti-tumor oral formulation of nucleoside analogue, trifluridine (FTD), and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil (TPI). Previous studies have shown that TAS-102 has shown clinically relevant activity after fluoropyrimidine failure in colorectal cancer and may thus be of increased efficacy compared with current standard capecitabine chemoradiation. Also, a phase 2 trials conducted by our team have demonstrated that neoaduvant TAS-102 concurrent with long-course radiotherapy could lead to a high pCR rate of 32% with acceptable toxicity for LARC patients. Herein, we will conduct this multicenter, randomized controlled, phase III trial to explore the safety and efficacy benefit of TAS-102 concurrent with long-course radiotherapy for LARC.

Interventions

TAS-102 (Combination product)
Radiotherapy: 1. Radiotherapy Technique: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT); 2. Radiotherapy Dose and Fractionation Schedule: Conventional fractionation with external beam irradiation at a dose of 50 Gy delivered in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Synchronous Chemotherapy: Concurrent administration of TAS-102 at a dose of 35 mg/m² twice daily at the 1st, 3rd and 5th week of radiotherapy. Intermittent Consolidation Chemotherapy: Oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m² on day 1 combined with TAS-102 at 35 mg/m² twice daily from day 1 to day 5, repeated every 14 days for a total of 9 cycles. Surgery: The operation follows the principle of TME. The type of surgery depends on the location and extent of the primary tumor.
Capecitabine (Combination product)
Radiotherapy: 1. Radiotherapy Technique: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT); 2. Radiotherapy Dose and Fractionation Schedule: Conventional fractionation with external beam irradiation at a dose of 50 Gy delivered in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Synchronous Chemotherapy: Capecitabine administered orally at a dose of 825 mg/m² twice daily on days of radiotherapy. Intermittent Consolidation Chemotherapy: Oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m² on day 1 combined with capecitabine at 1000 mg/m² twice daily from day 1 to day 14, repeated every 21 days for a total of 6 cycles. Surgery: The operation follows the principle of TME. The type of surgery depends on the location and extent of the primary tumor.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients aged between 18 and 75 years of either sex. 2. Histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma with the following conditions: 1. Clinical stage II (T3-4, N-) or III (any T, N+) as determined by MRI. 2. The tumor is located within 12 cm from the anal margin, with at least one high-risk factors (ie, extramural vascular invasion \[EMVI+\], mesorectal fascia involved \[MRF+\], cT4, cN2, lateral lymph nodes, tumor deposit, or tumor located in the lower rectum \[≤5 cm from the anal verge\]). 3. No other types of rectal cancer (e.g., sarcoma, lymphoma, carcinoid, squamous cell carcinoma) or synchronous colon cancer. 4. Presence of measurable lesions that meet RECIST v1.1 criteria for evaluation. 5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0 or 1. 6. Estimated life expectancy \> 6 months. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients of dMMR or MSI-H status. 2. Unexplained myelosuppression. 3. Evidence of distant metastasis and inguinal lymph node metastasis based on comprehensive chest and abdominal CT or whole-body PET-CT scans. Retroperitoneal lymph nodes above the iliac vessel bifurcation are considered distant metastasis. 4. Active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disease. 5. Uncontrolled cardiac symptoms or diseases. 6. History of other malignancies, except for cured basal cell carcinoma of the skin and cervical carcinoma in situ.

Conditions

Rectal Cancer Rectal Cancer Patients

Locations

Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute — Jinan, Shandong, China

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Official Source

Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

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